Dental Alveolitis: Causes and Symptoms of This Postextraction Complication

After a tooth extraction, it is normal to experience some discomfort. However, if intense and persistent pain appears a few days after the procedure, it may be a case of dental alveolitis. Although temporary, this complication can be very painful and requires appropriate care to ensure proper healing.

At the Centre Dentaire de Haute Technologie du Québec, located on the Plateau Mont-Royal, the team supports patients before and after dental surgery—such as tooth extractions—to minimize the risk of complications. So how can alveolitis be recognized? What are the risks?

Understanding Alveolitis: What Is It?

Definition

Dental alveolitis occurs when the blood clot that normally forms in the socket (the cavity where the tooth was extracted) does not form properly or becomes dislodged too early. This clot is essential to protect the bone and promote gum healing. Without it, the underlying bone and nerves are exposed, leading to intense pain and delayed healing.

Depending on the situation, alveolitis may present as dry socket, which is the most common form. This condition can also progress into suppurative alveolitis, caused by an infection of the socket and/or the blood clot.

Main Causes of Alveolitis

• A difficult extraction or traumatic tooth avulsion
• Brushing too vigorously or rinsing the mouth after the procedure, as fluid movement can dislodge the clot
• Using a straw after extraction, since suction can remove the clot
• Smoking, which interferes with healing
• A bacterial infection that prevents proper clot formation
• Certain medications that affect blood clotting

It is essential to distinguish normal postextraction pain from alveolitis.

Common Symptoms of Alveolitis

• Intense, persistent pain, usually appearing two to four days after extraction
• Pain radiating to the ear, temple, or jaw
• Bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth
• An empty or partially exposed socket, with no visible blood clot
• Local inflammation without significant swelling (unlike a typical infection)
• Difficulty opening the mouth due to pain
• Possible fever in cases of suppurative alveolitis, which requires special attention

If you experience these symptoms, it is recommended to consult a dentist promptly to receive guidance on appropriate care and medications to relieve pain.

What Treatments Are Available for Alveolitis?

Treatment depends on the type of alveolitis.

• Dry socket:
  The primary goal is to relieve pain and promote tissue healing. This is generally achieved through pain-relief medications and the use of an antiseptic mouthwash. Natural healing usually occurs within a few days. In some cases, the socket may be cleaned and protected with a special dressing to reduce the risk of secondary infection.
• Suppurative alveolitis:
  This form requires a more rigorous approach. Curettage of the socket is often necessary to remove the infection, followed by irrigation with an antiseptic solution. In certain cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to control the infection and prevent its spread.

In both situations, it is essential to follow the dentist’s recommendations and maintain good oral hygiene to prevent complications and support rapid healing.

You Don’t Have to Suffer in Silence

If you experience severe pain after a tooth extraction, it is crucial to consult a professional. The team at the Centre Dentaire de Haute Technologie du Québec, on the Plateau Mont-Royal, is available to support you and provide appropriate care. Do not hesitate to book an appointment by contacting our front desk, especially if you are experiencing pain or bothersome symptoms.