Pulpitis: Causes and Solutions

Pulpitis is an infection or inflammation of the dental pulp, the inner tissue of the tooth. Treating this condition often requires a procedure that most people have heard of: root canal therapy. Because this treatment can raise questions—and sometimes fears—among patients, we believe it is essential to provide clear and reassuring information.

Below, we explain what pulpitis is, what situations increase the risk of developing it, and how root canal treatment helps protect your oral health.

What Is Dental Pulp?

Dental pulp is the soft tissue located at the center of each tooth. It contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue that nourish the tooth and allow it to perceive sensations, particularly pain.

While the pulp plays an essential role during tooth development in children, it becomes less critical once the tooth is fully formed. This is why a tooth can remain functional even after the pulp is removed.

Pulpitis refers to inflammation of the dental pulp. It often manifests as dental pain that can range from mild sensitivity to severe, persistent discomfort. If left untreated, pulpitis can progress into a serious infection, which is why it is often considered a dental emergency.

Common Symptoms of Pulpitis

• Tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
• Mild to severe tooth pain
• Throbbing or pulsating sensation
• Pain when biting or applying pressure
• Swelling of the surrounding gum tissues
• Other signs of inflammation or infection

Why Is Root Canal Treatment Necessary?

When the dental pulp becomes inflamed or infected, root canal therapy is often required to save the tooth and eliminate the source of infection.

The pulp is housed inside the pulp chamber and extends through narrow pathways called root canals, which run down the roots of the tooth. Root canal treatment involves carefully accessing these canals to remove the damaged or infected pulp tissue.

Under local anesthesia, an opening is created in the tooth. The pulp tissue is then removed from both the pulp chamber and the root canals using specialized instruments. The canals are thoroughly cleaned, disinfected, and sealed with a medical-grade rubber material to prevent reinfection. Finally, the tooth is restored with a filling, and in many cases, a crown is recommended to strengthen and protect the tooth long term.

Situations That Increase the Risk of Pulpitis

Several dental conditions and situations can increase the likelihood of pulp inflammation or infection:

• Deep cavities: Untreated tooth decay is the most common cause of pulpitis. When bacteria reach the deeper layers of the tooth, they can infect the pulp.
• Dental trauma: Impacts, fractures, falls, or habits such as teeth grinding can damage or expose the pulp, leading to inflammation.
• Defective restorations: Damaged, worn, or poorly fitted fillings and crowns can allow bacteria to penetrate the tooth and reach the pulp.

Complications of Untreated Pulpitis

If pulpitis is not treated promptly, especially when it becomes irreversible, serious complications may develop:

• Pulpal necrosis: Severe inflammation can cause the pulp to die. Although pain may temporarily decrease, the infection remains active.
• Dental abscess: Infection can spread beyond the pulp to the root tip or surrounding tissues, forming an abscess that causes intense pain and swelling.
• Bone infection: In advanced cases, the infection may reach the surrounding jawbone, leading to bone destruction and potentially tooth extraction.
• Cellulitis: If the infection spreads to the soft tissues of the face or neck, it can cause a serious and potentially dangerous condition requiring urgent medical care.

Do Not Ignore Tooth Pain

Any persistent sensitivity or pain in a tooth should never be ignored. These symptoms are often early warning signs of tooth decay or pulp involvement. Without treatment, the condition can worsen and lead to serious complications.

If you experience dental pain or suspect pulpitis, consult our dentists on Plateau Mont-Royal for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can often save your tooth and prevent more complex procedures.