What is Gingival Hyperplasia?

Gingival hyperplasia, also called gingival hypertrophy, is an oral condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the volume of the gums. This condition can cause discomfort, make oral hygiene more difficult, and in some cases affect the aesthetics of the smile. At the Centre Dentaire de Haute Technologie du Québec, we understand the impact of this condition and offer tailored solutions for its treatment. Here is an overview of gingival hyperplasia and the treatment options available.

What is Gingival Hyperplasia?

Gingival hyperplasia is the excessive growth of gum tissue around the teeth. It can create a “swollen” appearance of the gums and sometimes even cover part of the teeth. This tissue overgrowth is generally benign, but it can lead to oral health complications if left untreated. Thickened or enlarged gums create areas that are difficult to clean, increasing the risk of bacterial plaque accumulation and periodontal disease.

What Causes Gingival Hyperplasia?

Gingival hyperplasia can have multiple causes, often related to genetic, medical, or environmental factors. The main causes include:

• Medications: Certain medications, such as immunosuppressants, antiepileptics (phenytoin), and calcium channel blockers (used for hypertension), can cause excessive gum growth as a side effect. Patients taking these medications are at higher risk of developing this condition.
• Inflammation and poor oral hygiene: Poor oral hygiene can lead to plaque buildup, which irritates the gums and may cause gingival hyperplasia. In these cases, it is a tissue defense reaction against bacteria.
• Hormonal factors: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy or puberty, can make the gums more sensitive and increase their volume. While usually temporary, this may require special attention.
• Hereditary factors: In some cases, gingival hyperplasia is genetic. Individuals with a family history of this condition may be more likely to develop it.

What Are the Symptoms?

Symptoms of gingival hyperplasia can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. The most common signs include:

• Visible increase in gum volume
• Redness and gum sensitivity
• Gums partially covering teeth
• Gum bleeding during brushing or flossing
• Bad breath, often caused by plaque and bacteria in areas that are difficult to clean

How is Gingival Hyperplasia Treated?

Treatment depends on the cause and severity. A consultation with a qualified dentist is essential to evaluate the condition and determine the appropriate approach. Common treatment options include:

Improved oral hygiene

When gingival hyperplasia is related to plaque buildup, better oral care can reduce symptoms. The dentist may recommend regular professional cleanings and proper brushing techniques to maintain healthy gums.

Medication adjustment

If the condition is caused by medication, it may be possible to consult your physician to adjust the dosage or consider an alternative that does not affect the gums. Any medication changes should be supervised by a healthcare professional.

Periodontal treatment

In some cases, deep cleaning below the gum line may be necessary to reduce inflammation. Treatments like scaling and root planing can help control gum overgrowth by removing bacteria causing the inflammation.

Gingivectomy

If hyperplasia is severe and does not respond to other treatments, a surgical procedure called gingivectomy may be considered. This involves removing excess gum tissue to restore normal appearance and function. Performed under local anesthesia, it is relatively simple and allows for quick recovery.

Prevention and Follow-up

For individuals prone to gingival hyperplasia, rigorous oral hygiene and regular dental visits are essential. Careful brushing, daily flossing, and frequent professional cleanings help prevent complications. Your dentist can also provide specific advice to limit the progression of hyperplasia and keep your gums healthy.

If you notice signs of gingival hyperplasia, consult the team at the Centre Dentaire de Haute Technologie du Québec for a thorough evaluation and personalized solutions.